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As one of the most well-known programmer Q&A websites, Stack Overflow (i.e.,SO) is serving tens of thousands of developers every day. Previous work hasshown that many developers reuse the code snippets on SO when they find ananswer (from SO) that functionally matches the programming problem theyencounter in their development activities. To study how programmers reuse codeon SO during project development, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study.First, to capture the development activities of programmers, we collect 342,148modified code snippets in commits from 793 open-source Java projects, and thesemodified code can reflect the programming problems encountered duringdevelopment. We also collect the code snippets from 1,355,617 posts on SO.Then, we employ CCFinder to detect the code clone between the modified codefrom commits and the code from SO, and further analyze the code reuse whenprogrammer solves a programming problem during development. We count the codereuse ratios of the modified code snippets in the commits of each project indifferent years, the results show that the average code reuse ratio is 6.32%,and the maximum is 8.38%. The code reuse ratio in project commits has increasedyear by year, and the proportion of code reuse in the newly established projectis higher than that of old projects. We also find that some projects reuse thecode snippets from many years ago. Additionally, we find that experienceddevelopers seem to be more likely to reuse the knowledge on SO. Moreover, wefind that the code reuse ratio in bug-related commits (6.67%) is slightlyhigher than that of in non-bug-related commits (6.59%). Furthermore, we alsofind that the code reuse ratio (14.44%) in Java class files that have undergonemultiple modifications is more than double the overall code reuse ratio(6.32%).

Towards Exploring the Code Reuse from Stack Overflow during Software Development