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The lithium (Li) metal anode is essential for next generation high energydensity rechargeable Li metal batteries. Although extensive studies have beenperformed to prolong the cycle life of Li metal batteries, the calendar life,which associates with chemical corrosion of Li metal in liquid electrolytes,has not been quantitatively understood. Here, by combing the Titration GasChromatography (TGC) method and Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam (Cryo-FIB), weestablished a quantitative relationship between the chemical corrosion rate andelectrochemically deposited Li morphology in various liquid electrolytesystems. We identified that the corrosion rate is dominated by the porosity ofthe deposited Li. The larger the porosity of deposited Li has, the faster thecorrosion rate will be. We further proposed strategies to mitigate the chemicalcorrosion on Li thus to extend the calendar life of Li metal batteries. Bystrictly controlling the stacking pressure during Li plating, Li deposits withultra-low porosity can be achieved, suppressing the corrosion rate to 0.08% perday compared with 1.71% per day of the high-porosity Li.

Suppressing chemical corrosions of lithium metal anodes