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A strain-insensitive temperature sensor based on multimode interference usingstandard multimode fibers (MMFs) is proposed according to the comprehensivestudy of the characteristics of the MMFs. The temperature and straindependences on the core diameter, numerical aperture (NA), and the length ofthe MMF section in the single-mode--multimode--single-mode (SMS) fiberstructure are investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the largercore diameter of the MMF leads to higher temperature sensitivity but lowerstrain sensitivity (absolute values); the higher NA does not influence thetemperature sensitivity but results in higher absolute value of strainsensitivity; the longer MMF section brings lower temperature sensitivity butdoes not have an impact on strain sensitivity. These findings also contributeto the theoretical analysis of the length dependence in the SMS fiber sensors.Besides, the results of the characterization study show that the strainsensitivity is relatively low, which brings a possibility to develop astrain-insensitive temperature sensor. The proposed sensor is used fortemperature sensing while the strain is constantly applied from 0 to 1100$\mu\epsilon$ with steps of 100 $\mu\epsilon$. The measured results areconsistent with the comprehensive study. The mean temperature sensitivity is6.14 pm/$^{\circ}$C with a standard deviation of 0.39 pm/$^{\circ}$C, whichproves that the proposed temperature sensor exhibits good stability and isinsensitive to strain. We expect that these results will provide a profoundguideline to fiber sensors based on multimode interference.

Fiber-optic multimode interference sensing: comprehensive characterization and its potential for strain-insensitive temperature sensing