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The acoustic nonlinearity parameter(beta) is sensitive to dislocationparameters, which continuously change during plastic deformation.Dislocation-based damage in structures/components is the source of the failure;thus, beta has been studied as a metric for non-destructive evaluation. Thiswork consists of two parts: the development of an in situ experimental setupfor nonlinear Rayleigh wave measurements, and characterization of thedependence of beta on applied stress at different levels of initial plasticstrain. First, we introduce an experimental setup and methods for repeatable insitu nonlinear ultrasonic measurements. Details on design considerations andmeasurement schemes are provided. In the second part, beta was measured in situduring an incremental monotonic tensile test. The measured \beta monotonicallydecreases with plastic strain, but it is relatively insensitive to the appliedstress during elastic deformation. This result highlights three aspects of theevolution of beta, which have not been sufficiently emphasized in prior work:the apparent insensitivity of beta to the applied stress during elasticdeformation, decreasing beta with plastic deformation, and the saturation ofbeta. We attribute the trend of decreasing beta to a scaling of beta withmonopole loop length during plastic deformation, which depends on initialmicrostructure. The saturation of beta at 1.8% coincides with a planar-to-wavytransition of dislocation structures. The in situ nonlinear ultrasonicexperimental method presented in this work is significant as the in situresults can provide broader insights on beta and dislocation-based damageevolution than ex situ measurements alone.

In situ nonlinear Rayleigh wave technique to characterize the tensile plastic deformation of stainless steel 316L