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The use of population descriptors like race, ethnicity, and ancestry inscience, medicine and public health has a long, complicated, and at times darkhistory, particularly for genetics, given the field's perceived importance forunderstanding between-group differences. The historical and potential harmsthat come with irresponsible use of these categories suggests a clear need fordefinitive guidance about when and how they can be used appropriately. However,while many prior authors have provided such guidance, no established consensusexists, and the extant literature has not been examined for implied consensusand sources of disagreement. Here we present the results of a systematic reviewof published normative recommendations regarding the use of populationcategories, particularly in genetics research. Following PRISMA guidelines, weextracted recommendations from n=121 articles matching inclusion criteria.Articles were published consistently throughout the time period examined and ina broad range of journals, demonstrating an ongoing and interdisciplinaryperceived need for guidance. Examined recommendations fall under one of eightthemes identified during analysis. Seven are characterized by broad agreementacross articles; one, Appropriate definitions of population categories andcontexts for use, revealed substantial fundamental disagreement among articles.While many articles focus on the inappropriate use of race, none fundamentallyproblematize ancestry. This work can be a resource to researchers looking fornormative guidance on the use of population descriptors, and can orient authorsof future guidelines to this complex field, contributing to the development ofmore effective future guidelines for genetics research.

A systematic review of guidelines for the use of race, ethnicity, and ancestry reveals widespread consensus but also points of ongoing disagreement