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Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks is expected to provideinformation-theoretical secured (ITS) communication over long distances. QKDnetworks based trusted relay architecture are now the most widely used schemein practice. However, it is an unrealistic assumption that all relays are fullytrustable in complex networks. In the past, only a few studies havetheoretically analyzed the case of passive eavesdropping attack by dishonestrelays and corresponding defense method. However, we have found that activeattacks by dishonest relays can be more threatening. With the consideration ofpassive and active attacks, we treat dishonest relays as Byzantine nodes andanalyzes the upper limit of Byzantine nodes that the QKD network canaccommodate. In this paper, we propose an ITS Byzantine-fault tolerance (BFT)QKD network scheme to achieve end-to-end key distribution based onpoint-to-point QKD links. To ensure consistency and provide BFT ability in theQKD network, we design an ITSBFT-consensus protocol for this network scheme. Toensure the information-theoretic security of consensus, we design a temporarysignature scheme based on point-to-point QKD link keys. To prevent Byzantinenodes from disrupting the execution process of key distribution, we design anend-to-end key distribution scheme combined with consensus. We theoreticallyanalyze proposed ITSBFT-QKD network scheme from four aspects: QKD keydistribution security, temporary signature security, consensus security, andleader election fairness. The simulation result proved the feasibility anddemonstrate the performance.

An Information-theoretical Secured Byzantine-fault Tolerance Consensus in Quantum Key Distribution Network