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Several emerging non-volatile (NV) memory technologies are rising asinteresting alternatives to build the Last-Level Cache (LLC). Their advantages,compared to SRAM memory, are higher density and lower static power, but writeoperations wear out the bitcells to the point of eventually losing theirstorage capacity. In this context, this paper presents a novel LLC organizationdesigned to extend the lifetime of the NV data array and a procedure toforecast in detail the capacity and performance of such an NV-LLC over itslifetime. From a methodological point of view, although different approachesare used in the literature to analyze the degradation of an NV-LLC, none ofthem allows to study in detail its temporal evolution. In this sense, this workproposes a forecast procedure that combines detailed simulation and prediction,allowing an accurate analysis of the impact of different cache control policiesand mechanisms (replacement, wear-leveling, compression, etc.) on the temporalevolution of the indices of interest, such as the effective capacity of theNV-LLC or the system IPC. We also introduce L2C2, a LLC design intended forimplementation in NV memory technology that combines fault tolerance,compression, and internal write wear leveling for the first time. Compressionis not used to store more blocks and increase the hit rate, but to reduce thewrite rate and increase the lifetime during which the cache supports near-peakperformance. It has affordable hardware overheads compared to that of abaseline NV-LLC without compression in terms of area, latency and energyconsumption, and increases up to 6-37 times the time in which 50\% of theeffective capacity is degraded, depending on the variability in themanufacturing process.

L2C2: Last-Level Compressed-Cache NVM and a Procedure to Forecast Performance and Lifetime