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The resonant and non-resonant effects of core plasma on the excitation of lowfrequency modes with $\omega < \omega_{BAE}$, such as Beta-induced Alfv\'enAcoustic Eigenmodes (BAAEs) and Kinetic Ballooning Modes (KBMs) are examined inthe framework of the generalized fishbone-like dispersion relation. Theformalism of the fishbone-like equation contains all the necessary ingredientsto describe the features of these low frequency fluctuations, and explainexperimental findings. Core plasma properties (diamagnetic frequency andprecession resonance with trapped ions) strongly affect the excitation of themodes, and in the case of BAAEs more effectively than the energetic particles.The diamagnetic frequency of the core plasma also contributes to the couplingof the BAAEs with the KBMs, thus affecting the excitation and polarization ofboth modes. Energetic particles can still provide a non-resonant drive to someof the low frequency modes.

Linear kinetic effects of core plasma on low frequency Alfven and acoustic eigenmodes in tokamaks