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Large-scale successful integration of microgeneration, together with activeloads, energy storage devices, and energy scheduling strategies, requires theextensive adoption of advanced information and communication technologies(ICTs) at the distribution network level; this brings so-called Cyber-PhysicalMulti-MicroGrid (CPMMG) systems into the picture. However, as such ICTs are notfailure-free, their integration affects the system's operation and adequacy. Toquantify how cyber failures influence a CPMMG system, this study proposes anadequacy framework based on sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). In theproposed framework, the typical structure of a CPMMG is exemplified, and theconsequences of various cyber failures in this system are explained. Possibleoperation modes -- normal, island, joint, and shutdown modes -- are thenexplained and modeled. Finally, the adequacy index Expected Energy Not Served(EENS) is computed based on the proposed methodology, and two new adequacyindices are proposed: Interrupted but Gained Compensation (IbGC) and Suppliedby Expensive Resources (SbER). A comprehensive case study is conducted toreveal the salient features of the proposed framework.

Impact of Cyber Failures on Operation and Adequacy of Multi-Microgrid Distribution Systems