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The Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a cellular technologyintroduced by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provideconnectivity to a large number of low-cost IoT devices with strict energyconsumption limitations. However, in an ultra-dense small cell networkemploying NB-IoT technology, inter-cell interference can be a problem, raisingserious concerns regarding the performance of NB-IoT, particularly in uplinktransmission. Thus, a power allocation method must be established to analyzeuplink performance, control and predict inter-cell interference, and avoidexcessive energy waste during transmission. Unfortunately, standard powerallocation techniques become inappropriate as their computational complexitygrows in an ultra-dense environment. Furthermore, the performance of NB-IoT isstrongly dependent on the traffic generated by IoT devices. In order to tacklethese challenges, we provide a consistent and distributed uplink powerallocation solution under spatiotemporal fluctuation incorporating NB-IoTfeatures such as the number of repetitions and the data rate, as well as theIoT device's energy budget, packet size, and traffic intensity, by leveragingstochastic geometry analysis and Mean-Field Game (MFG) theory. Theeffectiveness of our approach is illustrated via extensive numerical analysis,and many insightful discussions are presented.

Traffic-Aware Mean-Field Power Allocation for Ultra-Dense NB-IoT Networks