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Multihop relaying is a potential technique to mitigate channel impairments inoptical wireless communications (OWC). In this paper, multiple fixed-gainamplify-and-forward (AF) relays are employed to enhance the OWC performanceunder the combined effect of atmospheric turbulence, pointing errors, and fog.We consider a long-range OWC link by modeling the atmospheric turbulence by theFisher-Snedecor ${\cal{F}}$ distribution, pointing errors by the generalizednon-zero boresight model, and random path loss due to fog. We also consider ashort-range OWC system by ignoring the impact of atmospheric turbulence. Wederive novel upper bounds on the probability density function (PDF) andcumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) for both short and long-range multihop OWC systems by developing exactstatistical results for a single-hop OWC system under the combined effect of${\cal{F}}$-turbulence channels, non-zero boresight pointing errors, andfog-induced fading. Based on these expressions, we present analyticalexpressions of outage probability (OP) and average bit-error-rate (ABER)performance for the considered OWC systems involving single-variate Fox's H andMeijer's G functions. Moreover, asymptotic expressions of the outageprobability in high SNR region are developed using simpler Gamma functions toprovide insights on the effect of channel and system parameters. The derivedanalytical expressions are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations, and thescaling of the OWC performance with the number of relay nodes is demonstratedwith a comparison to the single-hop transmission.

Multihop Optical Wireless Communication Over ${\cal{F}}$-Turbulence Channels and Generalized Pointing Errors with Fog-Induced Fading