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Ecological management problems often involve navigating from an initial to adesired community state. We ask whether navigation is possible withoutbrute-force additions and deletions of species, using actions of varying costs:adding/deleting a small number of individuals of a species, changing theenvironment, and waiting. Navigation can yield direct paths (single sequence ofactions) or shortcut paths (multiple sequences of actions with lower cost thana direct path). We ask (1) when is non-brute-force navigation possible?; (2) doshortcuts exist and what are their properties?; and (3) what heuristics predictshortcut existence? Using several empirical datasets, we show that (1)non-brute-force navigation is only possible between some state pairs, (2)shortcuts exist between many state pairs; and (3) changes in abundance andrichness are the strongest predictors of shortcut existence, independent ofdataset and algorithm choices. State diagrams thus unveil hidden strategies forefficiently shifting between states.

Navigation between initial and desired community states using shortcuts