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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been regarded as a promising andrevolutionary technology for future wireless communication systems owing to itscapability of tailoring signal propagation environment in anenergy/spectrum/hardware-efficient manner. However, most existing studies onIRS optimizations are based on a simple and ideal reflection model that isimpractical in hardware implementation, which thus leads to severe performanceloss in realistic wideband/multi-band systems. To deal with this problem, inthis paper we first propose a more practical and more tractable IRS reflectionmodel that describes the difference of reflection responses for signals atdifferent frequencies. Then, we investigate the joint transmit beamforming andIRS reflection beamforming design for an IRS-assisted multi-cell multi-bandsystem. Both power minimization and sum-rate maximization problems are solvedby exploiting popular second-order cone programming (SOCP), Riemannianmanifold, minimization-majorization (MM), weighted minimum mean square error(WMMSE), and block coordinate descent (BCD) methods. Simulation resultsillustrate the significant performance improvement of our proposed jointtransmit beamforming and reflection design algorithms based on the practicalreflection model in terms of power saving and rate enhancement.

IRS-assisted Multi-cell Multi-band Systems: Practical Reflection Model and Joint Beamforming Design