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Early visual to auditory substitution devices encode 2D monocular images intosounds while more recent devices use distance information from 3D sensors. Thisstudy assesses whether the addition of sound-encoded distance in recent systemshelps to convey the "where" information. This is important to the design of newsensory substitution devices. We conducted experiments for object localizationand navigation tasks with a handheld visual to audio substitution system. Itcomprises 2D and 3D modes. Both encode in real-time the position of objects inimages captured by a camera. The 3D mode encodes in addition the distancebetween the system and the object. Experiments have been conducted with 16blindfolded sighted participants. For the localization, participants werequicker to understand the scene with the 3D mode that encodes distances. On theother hand, with the 2D only mode, they were able to compensate for the lack ofdistance encoding after a small training. For the navigation, participants wereas good with the 2D only mode than with the 3D mode encoding distance.

Sonified distance in sensory substitution does not always improve localization: comparison with a 2D and 3D handheld device