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The multi-user Holographic Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Surface(MU-HMIMOS) paradigm, which is capable of realizing large continuous apertureswith minimal power consumption and of shaping radio wave propagation at will,has been recently considered as an energy-efficient solution for futurewireless networks. The tractable channel modeling of MU-HMIMOS signalpropagation is one of the most critical challenges, mainly due to the couplingeffect induced by the excessively large number of closely spaced patchantennas. In this paper, we focus on this challenge for downlink communicationsand model the electromagnetic channel in the wavenumber domain using theFourier plane wave representation. Based on the proposed model, we devise aZero-Forcing (ZF) precoding scheme, capitalizing on the sampled channelvariance that depends on the number and spacing of the HMIMOS patch antennas,and perform a spectral efficiency analysis. Our simulation results showcasethat the more patch antennas and the larger their spacing is, the performanceof the considered MU-HMIMOS system improves. In addition, it is demonstratedthat our theoretical performance expressions approximate sufficiently well thesimulated spectral efficiency, even for the highly correlated cases, thusverifying the effectiveness and robustness of the presented analyticalframework.

Multi-User Wireless Communications with Holographic MIMO Surfaces: A Convenient Channel Model and Spectral Efficiency Analysis