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In the governance of the shared mobility market of a city or of ametropolitan area, there are two conflicting principles: 1) the healthycompetition between multiple platforms, such as between Uber and Lyft in theUnited States, and 2) economies of network scale, which leads to higher chancesfor trips to be matched, and thus higher operation efficiency, but which alsoimplies monopoly. The current shared mobility markets, as observed in differentcities in the world, are either monopolistic, or largely segmented by multipleplatforms, the latter with significant efficiency loss. How to keep thecompetition between platforms, but to reduce the efficiency loss due tosegmentation with new market designs is the focus of this paper. We firstpropose a theoretical framework of shared mobility market segmentation and thenpropose four market structure designs thereupon. The framework and four designsare first discussed as an abstract model, without losing generality, thus notconstrained to any specific city. High-level perspectives and detailedmechanisms for each proposed market structure are both examined. Then, toassess the real-world performance of these market structure designs, we used aride-sharing simulator with real-world ride-hailing trip data from New YorkCity to simulate. The proposed market designs can reduce the totalvehicle-miles traveled (VMT) by 6\% while serving more customers with 8.4\%fewer total number of trips. In the meantime, customers receive better serviceswith on-average 5.4\% shorter waiting time. At the end of the paper, thefeasibility of implementation for each proposed market structure is discussed.

Dissolving the Segmentation of a Shared Mobility Market: A Framework and Four Market Structure Designs