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Plant root growth is dramatically reduced in compacted soils, affecting thegrowth of the whole plant. Through a model experiment coupling force andkinematics measurements, we probed the force-growth relationship of a primaryroot contacting a stiff resisting obstacle, that mimics the strongest soilimpedance variation encountered by a growing root. The growth of maize rootsjust emerging from a corseting agarose gel and contacting a force sensor(acting as an obstacle) was monitored by time-lapse imaging simultaneously tothe force.  The evolution of the velocity field along the root was obtained fromkinematics analysis of the root texture with a PIV derived-technique. Atriangular fit was introduced to retrieve the elemental elongation rate orstrain rate. A parameter-free model based on the Lockhart law quantitativelypredicts how the force at the obstacle modifies several features of the growthdistribution (length of the growth zone, maximal elemental elongation rate,velocity) during the first 10 minutes. These results suggest a strongsimilarity of the early growth responses elicited either by a directionalstress (contact) or by an isotropic perturbation (hyperosmotic bath).

Plant root growth against a mechanical obstacle: The early growth response of a maize root facing an axial resistance agrees with the Lockhart model