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The study of nanomaterials is an active area of research for technologicalapplications as well as fundamental science. A common method for studyingproperties of isolated nanoparticles is by an in-vacuum particle beam producedvia an aerodynamic lens. Despite being common practice, characterization ofsuch beams has proven difficult as light scattering detection techniques failfor particles with sizes beyond the diffraction limit. Here we present a newtechnique for characterizing such nanoparticle beams using strong fieldionization. By focusing an ultrafast, mJ-level laser into the particle beam, ananoparticle within the laser focus is ionized and easily detected by itsejected electrons. This method gives direct access to the nanoparticle densityat the location of the focus and, by scanning the focus through the transverseand longitudinal profiles of the particle beam, the 3-dimensional particledensity distribution can be attained. Further, we show that strong fieldionization is effective in detecting spherical nanoparticles as small as 10 nmin diameter. Additionally, this technique is an effective tool in optimizingthe particle beam for specific applications. As an example we show that theparticle beam density and width can be manipulated by restricting the gas flowinto the aerodynamic lens.

Characterization of an aerosolized nanoparticle beam beyond the diffraction limit through strong field ionization