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Shear wave absolute vibro-elastography (S-WAVE) is an imaging technique thatgenerates steady-state shear waves inside the tissue using multi-frequencyexcitation from an external vibration source. In this work, plane wave imagingis introduced to reduce total acquisition time while retaining the benefit of3D formulation. Plane wave imaging with a frame rate of 3000 frames/s isfollowed by 3D absolute elasticity estimation. We design two imaging sequencesof ultrafast S-WAVE for two sets of excitation frequencies using a Verasonicssystem and a motorized swept ultrasound transducer to synchronize ultrasoundacquisition with the external mechanical excitation. The overall datacollection time is improved by 83-88% compared to the original 3D S-WAVEbecause of the per-channel acquisition offered by the Verasonics system. Testsare performed on liver fibrosis tissue-mimicking phantoms and on ex vivo bovineliver. The curl operator was previously used in magnetic resonance elastography(MRE) to cancel out the effect of the compressional waves. In this work, weapply the curl operator to the full 3D displacement field followed by 3Delasticity reconstruction. The results of phantom experiment show more accurateelasticity estimation as well as 18% less standard deviation (STD) compared toreconstruction using the curl of a 2D displacement field and 45% less STD thanwithout the curl. We also compare our experimental results with a previousmethod based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and achieve closerresults to phantom manufacturer provided values with ultrafast S-WAVE.Furthermore, the dependency of the bovine liver elasticity on the frequency ofexcitation was also shown with our system.

Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging for 3D Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography