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The widely used susceptible-infected-recovered (S-I-R) epidemic model assumesa uniform, well-mixed population, and incorporation of spatial heterogeneitiesremains a major challenge. Understanding failures of the mixing assumption isimportant for designing effective disease mitigation approaches. We combine arun-and-tumble self-propelled active matter system with an S-I-R model tocapture the effects of spatial disorder. Working in the motility-induced phaseseparation regime both with and without quenched disorder, we find two epidemicregimes. For low transmissibility, quenched disorder lowers the frequency ofepidemics and increases their average duration. For high transmissibility, theepidemic spreads as a front and the epidemic curves are less sensitive toquenched disorder; however, within this regime it is possible for quencheddisorder to enhance the contagion by creating regions of higher particledensities. We discuss how this system could be realized using artificialswimmers with mobile optical traps operated on a feedback loop.

Using Active Matter to Introduce Spatial Heterogeneity to the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered Model of Epidemic Spreading