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Uranium dioxide (UO$_2$), one of the most important nuclear fuels, canaccumulate excess oxygen atoms as interstitial defects, which significantlyimpacts thermal properties. In this study, thermal conductivities and inelasticneutron scattering measurements on UO$_2$ and UO$_{2+x}$ (x=0.3, 0.4, 0.8,0.11) were performed at low temperatures (2-300 K). The thermal conductivity ofUO$_{2+x}$ is significantly suppressed compared to UO$_2$ except near theN\'eel temperature TN= 30.8 K, where it is independent of x. Phononmeasurements demonstrate that the heat capacities and phonon group velocitiesof UO$_2$ and UO$_{2+x}$ are similar and that the suppressed thermalconductivity in UO$_{2+x}$ results from high phonon scattering rates. These newinsights advance our fundamental understanding of thermal transport propertiesin advanced nuclear fuels.

High Phonon Scattering Rates Suppress Thermal Conductivity in Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxide