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Co-simulation is widely used in the industry due to the emergence of modulardynamical models made up of interconnected, black-boxed systems. Severalco-simulation algorithms have been developed, each with different propertiesand different levels of accuracy and robustness. Among them, the most accurateand reliable ones are the iterative ones, although they have a main drawback incommon: the involved systems are required to be capable of rollback. The latterdenotes the ability of a system to integrate over a co-simulation time stepthat has already been simulated. Non-rollback-capable system can only goforward in time and every integrated step is definitive. In practice, theindustrial modelling and simulation platforms rarely produce rollback-capablesystems. This paper proposes a solution that slightly changes the co-simulationmethodology and that enables to use iterative co-simulation methods on amodular model which contains non-rollback-capable systems in case the latterrepresent ordinary differential equations. The idea is to replace such a systemby a simplified version, which is used to estimate the results of theintegrations instead of integrating the real system. Once the co-simulationmethod's surrogate iterations on these estimators predict the convergence onthe co-simulation step, the non-rollback-capable systems genuinely integratethe step using the estimated solution on the other systems before movingforward, transforming the iterative co-simulation method into a non-iterativeone.

COSTARICA estimator for rollback-less systems handling in iterative co-simulation algorithms