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Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur (CHNOPS) play keyroles in the origin and proliferation of life on Earth. Given the universalityof physics and chemistry, not least the ubiquity of water as a solvent andcarbon as a backbone of complex molecules, CHNOPS are likely crucial to mosthabitable worlds. To help guide and inform the search for potentially habitableand ultimately inhabited environments, we begin by summarizing the CHNOPSbudget of various reservoirs on Earth, their role in shaping our biosphere, andtheir origins in the Solar Nebula. We then synthesize our current understandingof how these elements behave and are distributed in diverse astrophysicalsettings, tracing their journeys from synthesis in dying stars to molecularclouds, protoplanetary settings, and ultimately temperate rocky planets aroundmain sequence stars. We end by identifying key branching points during thisjourney, highlighting instances where a forming planets' distribution of CHNOPScan be altered dramatically, and speculating about the consequences for thechemical habitability of these worlds.

Chemical Habitability: Supply and Retention of Life's Essential Elements During Planet Formation