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Capacity degradation and destructive hazards are two core challenges forlithium-ion batteries at high temperatures, which need to be solved urgently.Adding flame retardants or fire extinguishing agents can only achieve one-timeself-protection in case of emergency overheating. Herein, smart self-protectingaqueous lithium-ion batteries were developed using thermoresponsive separatorsthrough in-situ polymerization on the hydrophilic separator. Thethermoresponsive separator will close the lithium ions transport channel athigh temperatures and reopen when the battery cools down; more importantly, thetransition is reversible. We studied the lithium salts influence on thethermoresponsive properties of the hydrogels and selected suitable lithium salt(LiNO3) and concentration (1 M) in the electrolyte to achieve self-protectionwithout sacrificing battery performance. In addition, the shut-off temperaturecan be tuned by adjusting the hydrophilic and hydrophobic moiety ratio in thehydrogel according to actual demands. This self-protecting lithium-ion batteryshows promise for smart energy storage devices with safe and extended lifespan.

Self-protecting aqueous lithium-ion batteries with smart ther-moresponsive separators