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This paper considers the use of an intelligent reconfigurable surface (IRS)to aid wireless communication systems. The main goal is to compare thisemerging technology with conventional decode-and-forward (DF) relaying. Unlikeprior comparisons, we assume that electromagnetic interference (EMI),consisting of incoming waves from external sources, is present at the locationwhere the IRS or DF relay are placed. The analysis, in terms of minimizing thetotal transmit power, shows that EMI has a strong impact on DF relay-assistedcommunications, even when the relaying protocol is optimized against EMI. Itturns out that IRS-aided communications is more resilient to EMI. To beat anIRS, we show that the DF relay must use multiple antennas and actively suppressthe EMI by beamforming.

Intelligent Reconfigurable Surfaces vs. Decode-and-Forward: What is the Impact of Electromagnetic Interference?