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Supercapacitors (S-C) are short-term energy storage elements that find manyapplications, e.g., electronic charging devices and suppressors of powerfluctuations in grids that are interfaced with sustainable sources. Thecapacitance of an ordinary capacitor increases when dispersing metalliccolloids in its dielectric. A similar strategy for S-C means a deployment ofnano-scale metal colloids (in our case, Au nano particles, or AuNPs) at thevery narrow interface between an electrolyte and the porous electrode (here,active-carbon film on a grafoil current collector). This is achieved by makingthe ligand that is coating the AuNPs negatively charged. We demonstrated a verylarge specific capacitance increase with a minute addition of functionalizedAuNPs to the slurry. For example, C-V data at a scan rate of 20 mV/s indicateda specific capacitance amplification by a factor of 10 when 30 micro-g of AuNPswere incorporated with 200 mg of active carbon while using a 1 M Na2SO4electrolyte and a 5% cellulose acetate butyrate as a binder. We make the casethat the adhesion of the AuNPs to the surface of the electrode was strong: uponreplacing the electrolyte, from 1 M Na2SO4 to 1 M KOH and retaining the sameset of electrodes, the enhancement capacitance factor decreased as compared to1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte but remained large, ~3, as determined by C-V traces atthe same scan rate of 20 mV/s.

Active-carbon based supercapacitors with Au colloids: the case for placing the colloids at the electrolyte/electrode interface