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Single-pixel imaging, originally developed in light optics, facilitates fastthree-dimensional sample reconstruction, as well as probing with lightwavelengths undetectable by conventional multi-pixel detectors. However, thespatial resolution of optics-based single-pixel microscopy is limited bydiffraction to hundreds of nanometers. Here, we propose an implementation ofsingle-pixel imaging relying on attainable modifications of currently availableultrafast electron microscopes in which optically-modulated electrons are usedinstead of photons to achieve sub-nanometer spatially- and temporally-resolvedsingle-pixel imaging. We simulate electron beam profiles generated byinteraction with the optical field produced by an externally programablespatial light modulator and demonstrate the feasibility of the method byshowing that the sample image and its temporal evolution can be reconstructedusing realistic imperfect illumination patterns. Electron single-pixel imagingholds strong potential for application in low-dose probing of beam-sensitivebiological and molecular samples, including rapid screening during in-situexperiments.

Single-Pixel Imaging in Space and Time with Optically-Modulated Free Electrons