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Topological systems are inherently robust to disorder and continuousperturbations, resulting in dissipation-free edge transport of electrons inquantum solids, or reflectionless guiding of photons and phonons in classicalwave systems characterized by topological invariants. Despite considerableefforts, direct experimental demonstration of theoretically predicted robust,lossless energy transport in topological insulators operating at terahertzfrequencies is needed further investigations to shed affirmative light on theunique properties enabled by topological protection. Here, we introduce Kagomelattice that exhibits a new class of symmetry-protected topological phases withvery low Berry curvature but nontrivial bulk polarization, and fabricate anoptical topological insulator that provide the valley hall effect. Theoreticalanalysis show that four type edge states can be obtained. Measurements ofTHz-TDs with high time-resolution demonstrate that terahertz wave propagatingalong the straight topological edge and Z-shape edge with sharp turns havealmost same high transmission in 0.440 THz to 0.457 THz domain range. Thoseresults quantitatively illustrate the suppression of backscattering due to thenon-trivial topology of the structure. The THz-TDs measurement yields amplitudeand phase information, showing significant advantage compared to generalbroadband infrared, single wavelength continuous-wave THz measurements andvisible spectroscopy. It allows further exploration of the effective refractiveindex, group velocity and dispersion relations of edge states. Our work offerspossibilities for advanced control of the propagation and manipulation of THzwaves, and facilitates the applications including sixth-generation (6G)wireless communication, terahertz integrated circuits, and interconnects forintrachip and interchip communication.

Realization of a photonic topological insulator in Kagome crystals at terahertz wavelengths