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This whitepaper focuses on the astrophysical systematics which areencountered in dark matter searches. Oftentimes in indirect and also in directdark matter searches, astrophysical systematics are a major limiting factor tosensitivity to dark matter. Just as there are many forms of dark mattersearches, there are many forms of backgrounds. We attempt to cover the majorsystematics arising in dark matter searches using photons -- radio and gammarays -- to cosmic rays, neutrinos and gravitational waves. Examples includeastrophysical sources of cosmic messengers and their interactions which canmimic dark matter signatures. In turn, these depend on commensurate studies inunderstanding the cosmic environment -- gas distributions, magnetic fieldconfigurations -- as well as relevant nuclear astrophysics. We also cover theastrophysics governing celestial bodies and galaxies used to probe dark matter,from black holes to dwarf galaxies. Finally, we cover astrophysical backgroundsrelated to probing the dark matter distribution and kinematics, which impact awide range of dark matter studies. In the future, the rise of multi-messengerastronomy, and novel analysis methods to exploit it for dark matter, will offervarious strategic ways to continue to enhance our understanding ofastrophysical backgrounds to deliver improved sensitivity to dark matter.

Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: Synergies between dark matter searches and multiwavelength/multimessenger astrophysics