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The connection between the properties of cell tissue and those of the singleconstituent cells remains to be elucidated. At the purely mechanical level, thedegree of rigidity of different cellular components, such as the nucleus andthe cytoplasm, modulates the interplay between the cell inner processes and theexternal environment, while simultaneously mediating the mechanicalinteractions between neighboring cells. Being able to quantify the correlationbetween single-cell and tissue properties would improve our mechanobiologicalunderstanding of cell tissues. Here we develop a methodology to quantitativelyextract a set of structural and motility parameters from the analysis oftime-lapse movies of nuclei belonging to jammed and flocking cell monolayers.We then study in detail the correlation between the dynamical state of thetissue and the deformation of the nuclei. We observe that the nucleardeformation rate linearly correlates with the local divergence of the velocityfield, which leads to a non-invasive estimate of the elastic modulus of thenucleus relative to the one of the cytoplasm. We also find that nucleibelonging to flocking monolayers, subjected to larger mechanical perturbations,are about two times stiffer than nuclei belonging to dynamically arrestedmonolayers, in agreement with atomic force microscopy results. Our resultsdemonstrate a non-invasive route to the determination of nuclear relativestiffness for cells in a monolayer.

Non-invasive measurement of nuclear relative stiffness from quantitative analysis of microscopy data