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In this paper, we consider a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)comprising of active and passive elements to aid an integrated sensing andcommunication (ISAC) system serving multiple users and targets. Active elementsin a hybrid RIS include amplifiers and phase shifters, whereas passive elementsinclude only phase shifters. We jointly design transmit beamformers and RIScoefficients, i.e., amplifier gains and phase shifts, to maximize theworst-case target illumination power while ensuring a desiredsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio for communication links andconstraining the RIS noise power due to the active elements. Since this designproblem is not convex, we propose a solver based on alternating optimization todesign the transmit beamformers and RIS coefficients. Through numericalsimulations, we demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid RISassisted ISAC system is significantly better than that of passive RIS assistedISAC systems as well as ISAC systems without RIS even when only a smallfraction of the hybrid RIS contains active elements.

Beamforming in Hybrid RIS assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems