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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is frequently used to support the designof naturally ventilated buildings; however, the model accuracy should bethoroughly assessed, ideally through validation with full-scale measurements.The present study aims to (1) validate transient CFD simulations withuncertainty quantification (UQ) for buoyancy-driven natural ventilation againstfull-scale experiments in an operational atrium building, and (2) quantify thesensitivity of the CFD results to the thermal boundary conditions. The UQ andsensitivity analysis consider uncertainties in the initial and boundaryconditions for the temperatures. Considering the volume-averaged airtemperature on each floor, the predictions and measurements agree well withdiscrepancies less than 0.3 {\deg}C. When considering the temperature averagedover smaller zones on each floor, two trends can be observed. First, in zonesnot adjacent to windows, the discrepancies between the CFD and measurements canbe explained by uncertainty in the boundary conditions and the measurements.Second, in zones adjacent to windows, higher discrepancies are observed due tooscillations in the inflow jets just downstream of the windows, and due togeometrical simplifications in the CFD model. The sensitivity analysisdemonstrates that the boundary conditions for the thermal mass surfacetemperature and the outdoor temperature have a dominant effect on the indoorair temperature predictions, with their relative importance varying as functionof proximity to the windows.

Full-scale validation of CFD simulations of buoyancy-driven ventilation in a three-story office building