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To support the increasing spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs), ChargingStations (CSs) are being installed worldwide. The new generation of CSs employsthe Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) paradigm by implementing novel standards such as theISO 15118. This standard enables high-level communication between the vehicleand the charging column, helps manage the charge smartly, and simplifies thepayment phase. This novel charging paradigm, which connects the Smart Grid toexternal networks (e.g., EVs and CSs), has not been thoroughly examined yet.Therefore, it may lead to dangerous vulnerability surfaces and new researchchallenges.  In this paper, we present EVExchange, the first attack to steal energy duringa charging session in a V2G communication: i.e., charging the attacker's carwhile letting the victim pay for it. Furthermore, if reverse charging flow isenabled, the attacker can even sell the energy available on the victim's car!Thus, getting the economic profit of this selling, and leaving the victim witha completely discharged battery. We developed a virtual and a physical testbedin which we validate the attack and prove its effectiveness in stealing theenergy. To prevent the attack, we propose a lightweight modification of the ISO15118 protocol to include a distance bounding algorithm. Finally, we validatedthe countermeasure on our testbeds. Our results show that the proposedcountermeasure can identify all the relay attack attempts while beingtransparent to the user.

EVExchange: A Relay Attack on Electric Vehicle Charging System