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We present initial results from measurements of exhaled droplets by twosingers during singing, speaking, laughing, and recitation of poetry. We alsoconducted measurements with a flute, a clarinet, a tuba, and only the tuba'smouthpiece. To be able to image and track droplets, we have developed and builta portable measurement set-up. We have detected droplets with diameters ofapproximately 50 micrometre and above. We found that for a single subject, thelargest amount of droplets are produced during singing, but that laughing canproduce a comparable number of droplets. Speaking and recitation of poetry donot produce as many droplets. We repeated exercises at varying distances andfound that the number of detected droplets decreased rapidly with increasingdistance. Most droplets we detected follow a ballistic trajectory, and hit theground after a distance of approximately 1 m. In case of the musicalinstruments, we did not detect droplets exiting a tuba and only few singledroplets from a flute and a clarinet. A clarinet usually points downwards, suchthat droplets follow a downward trajectory and hit the ground after a shortdistance. The situation was different when the tubist used only the mouthpiece(that is, detached from the tuba) during warm-up while partially blocking theopening with a finger: in this case, many droplets were ejected from themouthpiece. These followed ballistic trajectories at different speeds, withsome droplets exiting the measurement volume. Two important limitations of thisstudy are that (i) the sample size is very small, such that a statisticalanalysis is beyond our scope; and (ii) that we cannot draw conclusions about apossible risk of infection with COVID-19 when performing any of the saidactivities.

Measurements of droplets from singing, laughing, reciting poetry, and playing wind instruments