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LFENCE/JMP is an existing software mitigation option for Branch TargetInjection (BTI) and similar transient execution attacks stemming from indirectbranch predictions, which is commonly used on AMD processors. However, theeffectiveness of this mitigation can be compromised by the inherent racecondition between the speculative execution of the predicted target and thearchitectural resolution of the intended target, since this can create a windowin which code can still be transiently executed.  This work investigates the potential sources of latency that may contributeto such a speculation window. We show that an attacker can "win the race", andthus that this window can still be sufficient to allow exploitation ofBTI-style attacks on a variety of different x86 CPUs, despite the presence ofthe LFENCE/JMP mitigation.

You Cannot Always Win the Race: Analyzing the LFENCE/JMP Mitigation for Branch Target Injection