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The physical autonomy of robots is well understood both theoretically andpractically. By contrast, there is almost no research exploring their potentialeconomic autonomy. In this paper, we present the first economically autonomousrobot -- a robot able to produce marketable goods while having full controlover the use of its generated income. Gaka-chu ("painter" in Japanese) is a6-axis robot arm that creates paintings of Japanese characters from anautoselected keyword. By using a blockchain-based smart contract, Gaka-chu canautonomously list a painting it made for sale in an online auction. In thistransaction, the robot interacts with the human bidders as a peer not as atool. Using the blockchain-based smart contract, Gaka-chu can then use itsincome from selling paintings to replenish its resources by autonomouslyordering materials from an online art shop. We built the Gaka-chu prototypewith an Ethereum-based smart contract and ran a 6-month long experiment, duringwhich the robot created and sold four paintings, simultaneously using itsincome to purchase supplies and repay initial investors. In this work, wepresent the results of the experiments conducted and discuss the implicationsof economically autonomous robots.

Gaka-chu: a self-employed autonomous robot artist