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Laparoscopic surgery has the advantage of avoiding large open incisions andthereby decreasing blood loss, pain, and discomfort to patients. However, onthe other side, it is hampered by restricted workspace, ambiguouscommunication, and surgeon fatigue caused by non-ergonomic head positioning. Weaimed to identify critical problems and suggest design requirements andsolutions. We used user and task analysis methods to learn about practicesperformed in an operating room by observing surgeons in their workingenvironment to understand how they performed tasks and achieved their intendedgoals. Drawing on observations and analysis from recorded laparoscopicsurgeries, we have identified several constraints and design requirements topropose potential solutions to address the issues. Surgeons operate in a dimlylit environment, surrounded by monitors, and communicate through verbalcommands and pointing gestures. Therefore, performing user and task analysisallowed us to better understand the existing problems in laparoscopy whileidentifying several communication constraints and design requirements, which asolution has to follow to address those problems. Our contributions includeidentifying design requirements for laparoscopy surgery through a user and taskanalysis. These requirements propose design solutions towards improvedsurgeons' comfort and make the surgical procedure less laborious.

Design requirements to improve laparoscopy via XR