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Unusually long electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are discovered in 2D and3D Particle-in-Cell studies of the process of ion beam neutralization byelectron emission from filaments. These ESWs are long because trapped anduntrapped electron density perturbations nearly compensate each other. Surfacewaves were discovered in the process of neutralization but were only observedin 3D simulations. This is because the phase velocity of surface waves in a 2Dgeometry is higher than in 3D giving the high-energy electrons generatedupstream near the electron source enough energy to excite such waves only in 3Dcylindrical beams.

Excitation of electrostatic solitary waves and surface waves in ion beam neutralization process