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Almost a century ago, Hubble discovered the cosmological redshift ofextragalactic objects. The Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metricwas presented as a solution of Einstein's field equations for a homogeneous andisotropic universe. The metric includes a time-dependent factor a(t), intendedto explain the cosmological redshift. By contrast, for the Eintein's staticuniverse (a=1), no reasonable redshift explanation was found. In this work, theCosmic Time Physics (CTP) theoretical framework is developed. CTP moves theexplanation of cosmological redshift from general relativity toelectromagnetism domain. We show that the vacuum electric permittivity$\epsilon_0$ and the vacuum magnetic permeability $\mu_0$ can vary inverselyone each other over cosmic time, maintaining the speed of light $c$ constant,while conducting the change on the vacuum impedance $Z_0$ and on the finestructure constant $\alpha$. This variation downscales the atomic energy levelswith cosmic backtime, redshifting the wavelength and frequency exactly in thesame manner they are observed, while maintaining the atomic quantificationrelations. Note that the increase on $\alpha$ with cosmic time has goneunnoticed experimentally so far since the search is performed on rest-frame(de-redshiftted signals), in spite of the manifestation of such variation isprecisely the redshift. The application of CTP to general relativity drive toan angular-redshift relation $d_A(z)$ as a function of the age of the universe$t_0$ and its curvature $R_0$. As a first approximation, we show that CTP$d_A(z)$ is able to reproduce the LCDM $d_A(z)$ curve with $R_0=1800$ Mpc and$t_0=15.57$ Gly. Finally, the Friedmann equations without scale factor ($a=1$)are used to derive the requirements for the stability of CTP universe.

Cosmic Time Physics -- On the relation between cosmological redshift and fine structure constant variation