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In this thesis, we study the detailed partonic content of the quantum statesof a quark-antiquark color dipole subject to high-energy evolution, which arerepresented by a set of dipoles generated by a stochastic binary branchingprocess, in the scattering off a large nucleus, and produce predictions fordiffractive dissociation in electron-ion collisions, based on the dipolepicture of QCD. Our main results are as follows. First, the scattering eventsof a color dipole, when parameters are set in such a way that the total crosssection is small, are triggered by rare partonic fluctuations, which lookdifferent as seen from different reference frames. It turns out that thefreedom to select a frame allows to deduce an asymptotic expression for therapidity distribution of the first branching of the slowest parent dipole ofthe set of those which scatter. In another aspect, such study implies theimportance of the characterization of particle distribution in the frontierregion in the states generated by the QCD dipole branching, and more generally,by any one-dimensional branching random walk model. To this aim, we develop aMonte Carlo algorithm to generate the frontier region of a branching randomwalk. Furthermore, we are able to calculate the diffractive cross sectiondemanding a minimal rapidity gap $Y_0$ and the distribution of rapidity gaps$Y_{gap}$ in the diffractive dissociation of a small dipole off a largenucleus, in a well-defined parametric region. They are the asymptotic solutionsto the so-called Kovchegov-Levin equation, which describes the diffractivedissociation at high energy. Finally, we present predictions for the rapiditygap distributionin realistic kinematics of future electron-ion machines, basedon the numerical solutions of the original Kovchegov-Levin equation and of itsnext-to-leading extension taking into account the running of the strongcoupling.

Statistical properties of partonic configurations and diffractive dissociation in high-energy electron-nucleus scattering