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Zirconium fluoride (ZBLAN) glass, the standard material used in fiber-basedmid-infrared photonics, has been re-designed to enable the fabrication of highindex-contrast low-loss waveguides via femtosecond laser direct writing. Wedemonstrate that in contrast to pure ZBLAN, a positive index change of close to10$^{-2}$ can be induced in hybrid zirconium/hafnium (Z/HBLAN) glasses duringultrafast laser inscription and show that this can be explained by an electroncloud distortion effect that is driven by the existence of two glass formerswith contrasting polarizability. High numerical aperture (NA) type-I waveguidesthat support a well confined 3.1 $\mu$m wavelength mode with a mode-fielddiameter (MFD) as small as 12 $\mu$m have successfully been fabricated. Thesefindings open the door for the fabrication of mid-infrared integrated photonicdevices that can readily be pigtailed to existing ZBLAN fibers.

Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguides in tailored fluoride glasses: An enabling technology for mid-infrared integrated photonics devices