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We review the evolution of the cosmic average molecular gas density to largelook-back times, using observations of rotational transitions of CO. Moleculargas is the fuel for star formation in galaxies. Deep searches for CO emissionfrom distant galaxies have delineated the density of molecular gas back to $z\sim 5$, or within 1~Gyr of the Big Bang. The results show a rise and fall inthe gas density that parallels, and likely drives, the rise and fall of thecosmic star formation rate density. We present the potential for the nextgeneration Very Large Array to image the distribution and dynamics of themolecular gas in early galaxies, and to make a precise measurement of the densegas history of the Universe.

Dense Gas History of the Universe: from ASPECS to the ngVLA