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Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) has emerged as a powerful label-freethree-dimensional (3D) bioimaging techniques for observing living cells andthin tissue layers. We report a new reflection-mode ODT (rODT) method forimaging thick biological specimens with 500 nm lateral resolution and 1 {\mu}maxial resolution. In rODT, multiple scattering background is rejected throughspatio-temporal gating provided by dynamic speckle-field interferometry, whiledepth-resolved refractive index maps are reconstructed by developing acomprehensive inverse scattering model that also considers specimen-inducedaberration. Benefiting from the high-resolution and full-field quantitativeimaging capabilities of rODT, we succeeded in imaging red blood cells andquantifying their membrane fluctuations behind a turbid sample with a thicknessof 2.8 scattering mean-free-paths. We further realized volumetric imaging ofcornea inside an ex vivo rat eye and quantified its optical properties,including mapping the topography of Dua's and Descemet's membrane surfaces onthe nanometer scale.

Reflection-mode optical diffraction tomography for label-free imaging of thick biological specimens