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The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has promised a next-generationtransportation system with reduced carbon emission. The fast development of EVsand charging facilities is driving the evolution of Internet of Vehicles (IoV)to Internet of Electric Vehicles (IoEV). IoEV benefits from both smart grid andInternet of Things (IoT) technologies which provide advanced bi-directionalcharging services and real-time data processing capability, respectively. Themajor design challenges of the IoEV charging control lie in the randomness ofcharging events and the mobility of EVs. In this article, we present a holisticreview on advanced bi-directional EV charging control algorithms. ForGrid-to-Vehicle (G2V), we introduce the charging control problem in twoscenarios: 1) Operation of a single charging station and 2) Operation ofmultiple charging stations in coupled transportation and power networks. ForVehicle-to-Grid (V2G), we discuss how EVs can perform energy trading in theelectricity market and provide ancillary services to the power grid. Besides, acase study is provided to illustrate the economic benefit of the jointoptimization of routing and charging scheduling of multiple EVs in the IoEV.Last but not the least, we will highlight some open problems and futureresearch directions of charging scheduling problems for IoEVs.

A Holistic Review on Advanced Bi-directional EV Charging Control Algorithms