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Connectivity in rural areas is one of the main challenges of communicationnetworks. To overcome this challenge, a variety of solutions for differentsituations are required. Optimizing the current networking paradigms istherefore mandatory. The high costs of infrastructure and the low revenue ofcell sites in rural areas compared with urban areas are especially unattractivefor telecommunication operators. Therefore, space, air, and ground networksshould all be optimized for achieving connectivity in rural areas. We highlightthe latest works on rural connectivity, discuss the solutions for terrestrialnetworks, and study the potential benefits of nonterrestrial networks.Furthermore, we present an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) techniquesfor improving space, air, and ground networks, hence improving connectivity inrural areas. AI enables intelligent communications and can integrate space,air, and ground networks for rural connectivity. We discuss the ruralconnectivity challenges and highlight the latest projects and research and theempowerment of networks using AI. Finally, we discuss the potential positiveimpacts of providing connectivity to rural communities.

Bridging the Urban-Rural Connectivity Gap through Intelligent Space, Air, and Ground Networks