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We analyze work commute time by sexual orientation of partnered or marriedindividuals, using the American Community Survey 2008-2019. Women in same-sexcouples have a longer commute to work than working women in different-sexcouples, whereas the commute to work of men in same-sex couples is shorter thanthe one of working men in different-sex couples, also after controlling fordemographic characteristics, partner characteristics, location, fertility, andmarital status. These differences are particularly stark among married coupleswith children: on average, about 3 minutes more one-way to work for marriedmothers in same-sex couples, and almost 2 minutes less for married fathers insame-sex couples, than their corresponding working parents in different-sexcouples. These gaps among men and women amount to 50 percent, and 100 percent,respectively, of the gender commuting gap estimated in the literature.Within-couple gaps in commuting time are also significantly smaller in same-sexcouples. We interpret these differences as evidence that it isgender-conforming social norms boosted by parenthood that lead women indifferent-sex couples to specialize into jobs with a shorter commute whiletheir male partners or spouses hold jobs with a longer commute.

Commuting to work and gender-conforming social norms: evidence from same-sex couples