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As the confidentiality and scalability of smart contracts have become acrucial demand of blockchains, off-chain contract execution frameworks havebeen promising. Some have recently expanded off-chain contracts to Multi-PartyComputation (MPC), which seek to transition the on-chain states by off-chainMPC. The most general problem among these solutions is MPT, since its off-chainMPC takes on- and off-chain inputs, delivers on- and off-chain outputs, and canbe publicly verified by the blockchain, thus capable of covering morescenarios. However, existing Multi-Party Transaction (MPT) solutions lack atleast one of data availability, financial fairness, delivery fairness, anddelivery atomicity. These properties are crucially valued by communities, e.g.,the Ethereum community, or users. Even worse, these solutions require high-costinteractions between the blockchain and off-chain systems.  This paper proposes a novel MPT-enabled off-chain contract executionframework, DECLOAK. DECLOAK is the first to achieve data availability of MPT,and our method can apply to other fields that seek to persist user dataon-chain. Moreover, DECLOAK solves all mentioned shortcomings with even lowergas costs and weaker assumptions. Specifically, DECLOAK tolerates all but oneByzantine party and TEE executors. Evaluating on 10 MPTs, DECLOAK reduces thegas cost of the SOTA, Cloak, by 65.6%. Consequently, we are the first to notonly achieve such level secure MPT in practical assumption, but alsodemonstrate that evaluating MPT in the comparable gas cost to normal Ethereumtransaction is possible. And the cost superiority of DECLOAK increases as thenumber of MPT parties grows.

DECLOAK: Enable Secure and Cheap Multi-Party Transactions on Legacy Blockchains by a Minimally Trusted TEE Network