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Modern cloud computing advances have been pressing application modernizationin the last 15 years, stressing the need for application redesign towards theuse of more distributed and ephemeral resources. From the initial IaaS and PaaSapproaches, to microservices and now to the serverless model (and especiallythe Function as a Service approach), new challenges arise constantly forapplication developers. This paper presents a design and developmentenvironment that aims to ease application evolution and migration to the newFaaS model, based on the widely used Node-RED open source tool. The goal of theenvironment is to enable a more user friendly and abstract function andworkflow creation for complex FaaS applications. To this end, it bypassesworkflow description and function reuse limitations of the current FaaSplatforms, by providing an extendable, pattern-enriched palette of ready-made,reusable functionality that can be combined in arbitrary ways. The environmentembeds seamless DevOps processes for generating the deployable artefacts (i.e.functions and images) of the FaaS platform (Openwhisk). Annotation mechanismsare also available for the developer to dictate diverse execution options ormanagement guidelines towards the deployment and operation stacks. Theevaluation is based on case studies of indicative scenarios, includingcreating, registering and executing functions and flows based on the Node-REDruntime, embedding of existing legacy code in a FaaS environment, parallelizinga workload, collecting data at the edge and creating function orchestrators toaccompany the application. For the latter, a detailed argumentation is providedas to why this process should not be constrained by the "double billing"principle of FaaS.

Combining Node-RED and Openwhisk for Pattern-based Development and Execution of Complex FaaS Workflows