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Voltage unbalance in distribution networks (DN) is expected to grow withincreasing penetration of single-phase distributed generation and single-phaseloads such as electric vehicle chargers. Unbalance mitigation will be asignificant concern as voltage unbalance leads to increased losses, reducedmotor and inverter efficiency, and becomes a limiting factor for DN operation.The true definition of the unbalance metric needs phasor measurements ofnetwork voltage and current. However, such phasor measurements are generallynot available in real life and as such approximate definitions are widely useddue to their simplicity. This work aims to compare the true voltage unbalancedefinition and approximate unbalance metrics derived from phase voltagemagnitude, as phase voltage magnitudes are commonly measured by digitalmetering infrastructure. For the comparison, multi-period power flowsimulations are performed for 161 Spanish distribution feeders with R/X ratiosvarying from 2.87 to 14.68. We observe that phase magnitude-based unbalancemetrics reasonably approximate the true unbalance for higher R/X ratios with avarying load power factor in a DN. Furthermore, the approximate unbalancemetrics slightly improve for a low DN power factor due to the increase in DNunbalance. Therefore, the phase magnitude-based unbalance metric can beutilized for approximating DN unbalance.

Evaluation of voltage magnitude based unbalance metric for low voltage distribution networks