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Dual-Functional Radar-Communication systems enhance the benefits ofcommunications and radar sensing by jointly implementing these on the samehardware platform and using the common RF resources. An important and latestconcern to be addressed in designing such Dual-Functional Radar-Communicationsystems is maximizing the energy-efficiency. In this paper, we consider aDual-Functional Radar-Communication system performing simultaneous multi-usercommunications and radar sensing, and investigate the energy-efficiencybehaviour with respect to active transmission elements. Specifically, weformulate a problem to find the optimal precoders and the number of active RFchains for maximum energy-efficiency by taking into consideration the powerconsumption of low-resolution Digital-to-Analog Converters on each RF chainunder communications and radar performance constraints. We considerRate-Splitting Multiple Access to perform multi-user communications withperfect and imperfect Channel State Information at Transmitter. The formulatednon-convex optimization problem is solved by means of a novel algorithm. Wedemonstrate by numerical results that Rate Splitting Multiple Access achievesan improved energy-efficiency by employing a smaller number of RF chainscompared to Space Division Multiple Access, owing to its generalized structureand improved interference management capabilities.

Energy Efficient Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: Rate-Splitting Multiple Access, Low-Resolution DACs, and RF Chain Selection